Not surprisingly, one of the core consumer protection issues in insurance is ensuring that carriers pay claims fairly and expeditiously. Unlike many contracts, insurance policies are sequential and contingent: whereas the policyholder performs routinely by paying premiums, the insurer performs by paying a claim if, and only if, a loss occurs. This dynamic creates special risks of unfair business practices. These risks are enhanced by the fact that many insurance policies (outside of the life insurance context) necessarily rely on abstract languag